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By Massimo Pigliucci | September 16th 2009 12:13 PM | 5 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
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About Massimo Pigliucci

Massimo Pigliucci is Professor in the Departments of Ecology & Evolution and of Philosophy at Stony Brook University, NY.

His research is on the evolution of genotype-environment interactions


... Full Bio

Readers of this blog may begin to think that I have a personal antipathy for New York Times editorialist Stanley Fish. I don’t, really. Don’t even know the guy. And yet, somehow he manages to get criticized in writing by yours truly more often (and certainly more harshly) than Richard I-don’t-know-what’s-wrong-with-Bill-Maher-but-I’ll-endorse-his-award Dawkins.

What has Fish done now? In his latest inanity for the Times he wrote a column against curiosity. Yes, you read correctly: if unchecked, curiosity, for Fish, is a major scourge of humanity, bringing us the atomic bomb and vivisection, while at the same time turning us away from god. Now, if these were the rants of a fundamentalist preacher from Alabama (or Mississippi, or Georgia, or Tennessee, you pick) then it would hardly be worth bothering about. But this is a professor (“distinguished,” no less) of law at Florida International University in sunny Miami (and formerly at the University of Illinois-Chicago). But of course Fish is also a postmodernist, and herein lies the bullshit.

Fish begins by quoting, and then criticizing, James A. Leach, the new chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Leach’s sin is to have said in a recent speech that “a right to be curious would have been a natural reflection of [Thomas Jefferson's] personality ... [Because] the cornerstone of democracy is access to knowledge, the curious pursuing their curiosity may be mankind’s greatest if not only hope.” Radical stuff, as you can see, which deserves a rebuttal in the New York Times before a pandemic of curiosity hits the country, resulting in the death of innumerable cats.

Fish reminds his readers that curiosity is not a universal value, or an unqualified benefit. Let us parse these two claims. The quintessential example — to which the good professor devotes an entire paragraph of his column — is of course god’s prohibition to Adam from eating of the fruit of knowledge. The idea, apparently, was to test Adam’s faith and ability to self-impose limits. Disobedience was interpreted by god as human arrogance, with the results we all know. I always thought this tale was one of the best reasons not to be a christian: there it is, folks, right at the beginning of your so-called sacred book, god is despotic, narcissistic, engages in arbitrary and cruel punishment, and — of all things — prohibits you from learning. Need anything more be said?

Apparently, yes. Fish goes on quoting Thomas Aquinas as chastising human curiosity as a form of pride, and even the obscure 16th century churchman Lorenzo Scupoli, who contemptuously said “They make an idol of their own understanding,” all the way to the contemporary author Jonathan Robinson, who disapproves of curiosity and labels it a (apparently despicable) pursuit of “every conceivable subject that takes our fancy.” And what, exactly, is wrong with that, esteemed churchmen and assorted religious apologists?

Paul Griffiths, author of Reason and the Reasons of Faith explains: “Late modern societies that are fundamentally shaped by the overwhelming presence of electronic media and the obscene inundation of every aspect of human life by pictures and sounds have turned the vice of curiosity into a prescribed way of life. ... “In a world where curiosity rules, unmasking curiosity as a destructive and offensive device ... amounts to nothing less than a ... radical critique of superficiality and constant distraction.”

Wow! In other words, curiosity is bad because it distracts us from worshiping and studying god (Fish’s words), and even from our secular obligations because our minds are obsessed by it and find no time for anything else. Perhaps Fish and his buddies are confusing pornography for curiosity, because I’ve never encountered a “secular” person so obsessed with curiosity that he/she became dysfunctional in everyday life. On the other hand, I have encountered plenty of religious bigots whose utter lack of curiosity about the world leads them to incredible fits of mental gymnastics aimed at denying evolution (basic science) or that condoms are crucial in the fight against AIDS (applied science).

But of course Fish has an ace up his sleeve, because you see, it is not curiosity per se that is the problem, but unbound, unchecked, curiosity.That’s the monster that pushes scientists to ignore the pain of animals on which they experiment and, well, good old Stanley immediately runs out of examples there, so he has to deploy fictitious ones: “Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, H.G. Wells’ The Island of Dr. Moreau, and Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.”

Of course, anything in excess is not a good thing, as Aristotle taught us 24 centuries ago. Even too much water is bad for you, because you can drown in it or die from an imbalance of electrolytes. But to accuse people of worshiping “curiosity — sometimes called research, sometimes called unfettered inquiry, sometimes called progress, sometimes called academic freedom” is the quintessential example of the twisted post-modernist mind. If this country and the world is suffering from something, it is too little curiosity (about the world and about other people), too little critical thinking (including among the editors of the Times that keep publishing this rubbish), and too much post-modernism. Curiosity may be lethal to a cat, but it is a source of freedom and knowledge for a human being.

Comments

Jeff Sherry's picture
Is Fish basically a compartmentalized intellectual elitist?

How is it possible for Fish to have a graduate degree without curiosity, did he major in flyfishing?

Gerhard Adam's picture
Well, I think Stanley Fish made an excellent argument about how commitment to religious idealism is only possible when one remains ignorant.

I suppose in pursuing the Adam/Garden of Eden argument, god should literally be counting his blessings and thinking how narrowly he dodged a bullet.  After all, if Adam had eaten from the Tree of Life first (instead of the Tree of Knowledge), then much of this discussion about an afterlife would have been truly academic.


Fred Phillips's picture
And why would a reputable university employ a prof who is opposed to curiosity?
worshiping curiosity — sometimes called research

OK, I would like to introduce a distinction here. In my doctoral class on research methods, I emphasize that hypothesis formation needs to be driven either by theory or by observation. (And if the latter, with reference to theory, if a pertinent theory exists.) But still, some students present dissertation proposals with, e.g., a null hypothesis "Behavioral variable x has the same value among Chinese as among Australians."

"Why," sez I, "do you think it is the same or isn't the same?"

"Oh," the student replies, "I just thought it might be." Or, "I'd just like to know."

"Is there something in the culture theory that makes you think there's a difference?"

"Dunno, I haven't looked yet."

"How about your own experience of Chinese and Australians in this context?"

"I can't say for sure."

My thrust here is that random curiosity, however admirable it may be - and I think it is admirable - is not the same as research. Research uses theory and systematic observation as base ingredients, with several spoonfuls of curiosity and inspiration thrown in.


Fred Phillips's picture
Or as John Holland puts it, 


"... Experiments unguided by an appropriate theoretical framework
usually amount to little more than "watching the pot boil."



-   John Holland,
"Complex Adaptive Systems", Daedalus 121:17-30 (1992)





I read Fish as a satirist, in dialogue with other humanists, pointing out some of the disturbing consequences of our habits of thought in the tradition of Jonathan Swift or Ambrose Bierce. I take this essay as a way of pilloring the hypocrisy inherent in proclaiming curiosity as a core ethical value of a culture which has been built at least as much on its opposite (thus the survey of the prevailing notions, over time, that curiosity is potentially dangerous and requires strict controls). I don't see Fish advocating anything in particular in this essay, except to take a closer look at curiosity and its nonobviousness as reigning paradigm --as a struggle rather than a transcendent virtue-- a struggle, certainly, within institutions which tend to be conservative, but also within ourselves and our own work, as curiosity is both what leads us to our topics of research and what nags at us to stray from them, with ever more attractive possibilities just over the next hill. And, of course, to poke fun at the self-image of the NEH and other institutions of learning and scholarship responsible for funding research as driven purely by intellectual curiosity.

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