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By Alex Antunes | March 6th 2009 08:58 AM | 4 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
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About Alex Antunes

In "The Sky By Day", Dr. Alex Antunes serves twice-weekly slices of life from the sometimes strange, sometimes oddly normal workday of a NASA astrophysicist. Readers get the inside scoop on what... Full Bio

Is Pluto a planet? On Tuesday I talked about how 'Algol' isn't technically an Algol-type star system. This raised the interesting case of "is Pluto a planet". To a large degree, that's a non-argument. Pluto hasn't changed.

Here's an example I often run for students. All you readers out there, if you have dark hair-- black or brown hair-- raise your hands. Don't worry about your officemate starting, just raise those hands. Got them up?

Okay, I want everyone who has dark hair-- just black hair-- to raise your hands, but anyone else with their hand up, lower it. Yes, dark hair is now defined as 'black'. Brown hair is no longer what I'm calling dark.

Okay, those of you who first raised your hands for 'dark hair' but then lowered them when I changed the definition-- did your hair color change? Did my changing the term 'dark hair' change you in any way? No? Good!

So it is with Pluto. Certainly the New Horizons mission-- whose PI, Alan Stern, has declared he will continue to call Pluto a planet-- didn't change course when the labeling of Pluto shifted. "Abort, abort, Pluto just turned into a not-planet, turn away before we're doomed!" Too Star-Treky, that. The name is not the thing.

I've heard others describe Pluto as a 'binary planet' since its moon, Charon, is massive enough that their shared center of mass is above Pluto's surface. And I've heard Pluto called a big comet. Pluto gets called a lot of things.

So does the Earth. Did you know the Earth is not just a planet, but a 'water planet' and an 'earthlike planet', and we're looking for similar ones around other stars? It may sound obvious, but each planet is unique.

In actual astronomical use, the term 'planet' is fairly meaningless, akin to saying it's an "orbiting around a star thing, that isn't a star itself". But then there are brown dwarfs... neither star nor planet. So that definition breaks down. Everything is a special case.

When the IAU voted to state The "dwarf planet" Pluto is recognised as an important proto-type of a new class of trans-Neptunian objects, that did not change what Pluto is. Nor does it fundamentally change how Pluto should be considered. Pluto is still a fascinating object, rich in history, worth studying, becoming more intriging the more we learn about it.

Pluto is a planet, a trans-neptunian object, a comet, a binary, a Kuiper Belt object, and an animated dog. If you want a precision, try this oft-used definition: Pluto is the tenth-largest body observed directly orbiting the Sun.

The universe is too rich to fall into tidy categories. Pluto is ... Pluto!

[Update: Just to keep things silly, Illinois votes to 'restore' Planethood to Pluto.]

Comments

Hank's picture
The IAU jumped the shark in the minds of a lot of people by even bothering with this; first by saying there were more planets and then by saying there were less.    I am not surprised at Illinois; people usually think California would have done something goofy like this first but CA likes nameless bureaucracies passing ridiculous clarifications.

What do people think?   We have a sense of humor here so should we make March 13th a special Pluto holiday with its own logo and such?

I'm pretty happy with the current Pluto situation. Back when it was discovered, the astronomical community was just *itching* to find another planet, the discovery, by mathematical prediction, of Neptune having been so successful at demonstrating how smart we are. Pluto was a bit disappointing, being so small and all, but it sufficed. I think we were ready to call anything a planet. Then we taught generations of school children that "The Solar System Has Nine Planets" and there names are "...". (Please recite that until you've memorized it. Quiz on Monday.)

People don't like to let go of that sort of thing, any more than my countrymen and countrywomen in the U.S. want to let go of our ridiculous imperial system of measurements. There's not a big public outcry about Pluto, because by and large they don't care about science, either. (Just don't try to change the name of their favorite football team!) Just a bit of grumbling from people not so different than me bemoaning the fact that I learned that Saturn had 8 moons, and Jupiter had 12 (I even had a mobile in my bedroom to prove it!) and now... I can't remember how many they have. Though I do now have the satisfaction of knowing that Europa and Titan are *really* interesting.

I think of Pluto's reclassification in the same way as I think of phonetic systems of spelling and Metric units. They're not the way I first learned it, but they make more sense than what I learned, and they are a good idea, moving forward.

No, Pluto has not changed. But it never really belonged in the category they said it did when I was in elementary school. (OK, middle school, high school, college, and a couple of decades beyond that.)

Sure, Pluto is many things. Just like I am a programmer, a dog and cat lover, a man, a recluse, etc. But as long as Ceres and Vesta and others are not planets, a planet is one thing that Pluto is not, in the same sort of way that I'm not a brain surgeon or a Malibu Barbie.

Classifications are rarely neat and perfect. But they are useful for helping to organize information in our minds. And to be effective at that, they should make as much sense as possible. And sentimental nostalgia shouldn't get in the way of making our categorizations as logical as possible.

BTW, they probably should have chosen a more future-proof name than "Algol type" for those systems you mentioned. We programmers "refactor" our programs all the time. And "Algol_Type" jumps out as a *terrible* variable name to use in a program that is at all likely to be extended and modified in the future. You know... like science usually is.

logicman's picture
I think it will be a long time before the 'Pluto is a trans-Neptunian object' meme replaces the 'Pluto is a planet' meme.

Despite all scientific evidence to the contrary most members of the general public, and most scientists, still think that there are more words for 'snow' in the eskimo languages than in English - this piece of 'knowledge' has become fossilised as a meme.

That's the trouble with memes.

“It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.” - Mark Twain.

i had watched the rucus about pluto and the "definition" debates and thought it was such a waste of time and money to be that precise with the "name" of a thing. on another world an orange could refer to a golf ball if such things existed and even though the language of and name of things were different essentially chemically they would be the same.

Bravo Sandman

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