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By Tommaso Dorigo | May 29th 2009 02:12 AM | 11 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
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About Tommaso Dorigo

I am an experimental particle physicist working with the CMS experiment at CERN and the CDF experiment at Fermilab. In my spare time I play chess, abuse the piano, and aim my dobson telescope at... Full Bio

The "new" section of experimental physics papers in the arxiv today features a preprint by the CDF collaboration, titled "First Observation of Vector Boson Pairs in a Hadronic Final State at the Tevatron Collider". This is another instance of a difficult analysis where the CDF and DZERO experiments have competed in the past, and one which is relevant for Higgs boson searches. And CDF got there first once again.

I will describe in detail the analysis and the results later today, because this particular study is dear to me for at least three different reasons:
  1. I have always worked at the search for hadronic resonances in hadron collider data -from the 6-jet decay mode of top pairs (authored the paper in 1997), to the observation of Z boson decays to b-quark jet pairs (my PhD thesis in 1998), to other results along this line.
  2. With a PhD, Giorgio Cortiana, in 2005 we demonstrated a technique to extract electroweak signals in jet data without relying on the presence of charged leptons, but only using the signal of neutrinos. This is at the basis of the result coming out today, and it makes me very happy.
  3. I was the chair of the internal review committee that worked side by side with the authors to get this important new result out in a timely fashion, so I feel this result is also mine, to some extent.

There is a lot to say, and I will say it later today. For now, let me just flash the dijet mass distribution below - a plot on which we will spend a few minutes in the article I am preparing.


The signal has a significance of more than five standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis, and so it is a first observation in its own right. Come back later for details!

Comments

That means that I am the first commenter under the first blog article about the first observation of vector boson pairs in a hadronic final state at the Tevatron collider.

This comment may be a small step for a man but it is clearly a huge leap for the mankind.

Vector bosons were predicted 45 years ago, created 25 years ago, and even pairs of them could be created in leptonic final states - but who could have thought that one can create two bosons in the hadronic states, too. Stunning. ;-)

Don't get me (and my jokes) wrong. I understand that the cross section is small. But if something has a small probability, it is not yet necessarily so shocking as a matter of knowledge - as long as this unlikely thing is understood to be a result of collaboration of many moderately unlikely but old well-known things.

Hank's picture
This comment may be a small step for a man but it is clearly a huge leap for the mankind.

An irrelevant aside, but Luboš has really started to grow on me.

dorigo's picture
Hi Lubos,

no, I do not get you wrong, but maybe I failed to explain above why this is important, I guess. To find a Higgs decay to b-quark pairs in association with a W or Z, we have to observe exactly the same final state, with smaller rate. Finding dibosons in a hadronic final state was a prerequisite for a light higgs.

Cheers,
T.

Dear Tommaso, yes, it's helpful that you were forced to write this addition now. But this vector boson pair plays a similar role for the Higgs discovery as a training session does for a future olympic winner (I didn't want to use the example with the difference between masturbation and sex because yours is such a polite blog).

Such a training is surely important for the future olympic winner, and in some sense, he is doing the same things as he does at the Olympic games. But the other people are arguably sensible if they think that the training is not quite the same thing as the victorious race at the Olympics, aren't they? ;-)

Moreover, the Higgs has really been counted in the stock prices for several decades so it is questionable whether the Higgs discovery itself is a good counterpart of an Olympic victory.

dorigo's picture
You definitely haven't read this post, Lubos. I said clearly that it was a stub for a more explanatory article to come (which is arriving soon). In any case you are wrong, seeing a hadronic decay of vector boson pairs is a very important prerequisite for a light Higgs discovery, one that cannot be waived.

Cheers,
T.

Hi Tommaso, as explained above, I completely agree with that. The training is also important for the Olympic winner's victory. It (the training) is just not too interesting, especially not for others (besides the athlete and his coach). ;-)

Now, should that be viewed as an important thing for others and for science in general? Well, I don't know. It's a part of the experimenters' job and good for them if they enjoy it. But there's no guarantee that all parts of experimenters' job are interesting or important from other, more general viewpoints.

It is a training. As you know very well, these decays have been calculable (and predicted) for 35 years. In this sense, it's not "new physics". It's similar to new physics, but the similarity is only in the technical, training-like aspects of the experiments, not in their far-reaching conclusions. Do you agree with that?

dorigo's picture
Well, I guess I do. But there is another side to these measurements. When we do a measurement of a SM property, even one about which we know everything already from other experiments, we are still testing our understanding of the theory: if not on the signal we seek, on the backgrounds. The dijet mass spectrum shown above might be showing a bump at 150 GeV, if there were a new leptophobic boson or some other devilish concoction. What I am trying to say is that even "boring" measurements are still important, and might reserve surprises. In this case, it was important to show we are sensitive to hadronic decays, and the spectrum of dijet masses which shows the W and Z signal might have produced additional discoveries. It hasn't, of course.

However, the "first observation" in the title is probably a bit too much bells and whistles for something we knew had to be there, I concur. It has become customary to announce something never seen before that way...

Cheers,
T.

I agree, it's great to test theories, even those that have been established. Every new agreement is a great feeling, especially if you forget that you have had the same one many times. :-) But aren't you sometimes tempted to think that theories that are further from the energy frontier, even though they are even more well-established, could be more interesting (because e.g. much more accurate or practical) to be re-tested than e.g. decays in QCD?

It would be interesting to hear how you would be comparing the importance of further tests in various realms of physics. For example, if I were doing new and new tests of "old" physics, QED would probably be preferred over QCD. It can be done so accurately and it is so important for life and technology. Clearly, when one - an individual physicist or a funding agency - prefers QCD tests over QED tests, it must be justified by its being closer to the energy frontier which is more uncertain. But is it really more uncertain or just inherently less accurate?

Is there some bound on the estimated confidence level above which you would think that additional USD 10 million is no longer a good investment for further tests? Do you think that there is a semi-quantitative formalism to make such choices rationally? Now, clearly, a particular collider can only do certain things. But there are still many ways how to define the tasks and how much attention should be given to each.

It might be that these simple events with a few particles are just too "old physics". Knowing that it would probably not get past those 100 GeV too safely, shouldn't have Tevatron been rebuilt a few years ago and used for some RHIC-like AdS/CFT heavy ion physics, or anything that can lead to qualitatively new limits and phenomena?

dorigo's picture
Lubos, I think we are doing too little in the realm of low-energy QCD. That is an important area of research, which can give us more understanding of non-perturbative processes, of baryogenesis mechanisms, and more confidence on lattice QCD calculations. On that I would spend some money if I had it.
Cheers,
T.

Dear Tommaso, to justify low-energy QCD research by baryogenesis sounds really surprising to me. Don't you need baryon violation which is what occurs at much higher energies than low-energy QCD? The electroweak baryogenesis is the lowest-scale realization I have heard about.

Or do you want to know how protons appear out of three quarks? What are the quantities you exactly want to calculate here?

dorigo's picture
Hi Lubos, you are perfectly right -I in fact do not quite understand why I wrote baryogenesis, I must have been sleeping. I meant nucleosynthesis! 
Cheers,
T.

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