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In my understanding of the soul, its existence is linked to the existence of God - a being uninfluenced by time and space. Therefore, the soul would also be uninfluenced by time and space. Therefore it wouldn't need a physical point of interaction, all it would need would be a way of being linked to a physical being, which would be spiritual (non-material) as itself.
If the soul is what characterizes human beings, then 'what' we call a human being defines (or describes) when a soul is in relationship with a body (or when a non-material entity is linked to a material entity). So the question doesn't become how much of a brain does a person need to have a soul, and rather the soul can be split, but what exactly is a person - did science define that yet?
Thank you for provoking thought about this question
:-)
So you want a definition of something that no one knows actually even exists?
Once again you seem to want it both ways. You cannot claim that no one knows something exists, and then argue that only a minority are ignorant of a phenomenon. When putting an experiment together (thought or otherwise), it is a requirement that all the boundary conditions be set, as well as the criteria for determining what constitutes the event being considered. The purpose of a definition of the soul is precisely to avoid the wide-ranging definition that was pulled from the dictionary. The dictionary definition defines it as philosophical dualism, or a religious perception, or a ghost. This isn't nearly a narrow enough criteria to engage in any type of discussion. A "thought experiment" isn't simply an idle exercise in speculation, but rather it is to explore an idea logically to see where it takes you (especially when experimentation isn't possible). To do this, there must be a general agreement regarding what the thing being considered is. At present you've simply used a term that is far too vague to provide anything except pure speculation in response. In addition, by having a more stringent definition it becomes possible to determine when someone's ideas have moved outside the original conditions set for the experiment. At present there is no way to determine if any conclusion is logical since there are no boundaries about what is acceptable.I think if you do a poll of enough people you'll find that those of you who claim to be ignorant of what it is are in a small minority.
Glen you said
"The experiment I described in my blog will happen. It in no way will prove or disprove the existence of the soul, what it will do is raise questions about it." And later you said, "It's a thought experiment because it hasn't happened, yet."
I will assume that your concern is with science being involved in the splitting of the brain and maybe creating two soles where God has created one. I must agree that this does look like a procedure that is within the grasp of medical science.
I will also assume that we are addressing a Christian audience for sake of argument. I just happen to be more familiar with the Christian concept of the soul. The Catholic church, as most Christian churches believes that God gives the soul at the instant of fertilization, when egg and sperm come together.(1)
If this is the case, a soul at the instant of fertilization, then God has been playing this thought experiment game with us also. Maybe this is God’s way of letting us know it is all right for science to move in the direction it is heading.
The next paragraph is taken directly from Wikipedia, "Identical Twins:"
“Monozygotic twins, frequently referred to as identical twins, occur when a single egg is fertilized to form one zygote (2) (monozygotic) which then divides into two separate embryos (3)... Division of the zygote into two embryos is not considered to be a hereditary trait, but rather an anomaly that occurs in birthing at a rate of about three in every 1000 deliveries worldwide... The two embryos develop into fetuses sharing the same womb. When one egg is fertilized by one sperm cell, and then divides and separates, two identical cells will result. If the zygote splits very early (in the first two days after fertilization), each cell may develop separately its own placenta (chorion) and its own sac (amnion). These are called dichorionic diamniotic (di/di) twins, which occurs 20–30% of the time. Most of the time in MZ twins the zygote will split after two days, resulting in a shared placenta, but two separate sacs. These are called monochorionic diamniotic (mono/di) twins..... A recent theory posits that monozygotic twins are formed after an embryo essentially collapses, splitting the progenitor cells (those that contain the body's fundamental genetic material) in half. That leaves the same genetic material divided in two on opposite sides of the embryo. Eventually, two separate fetuses develop.”
This “anomaly” occurs after the egg is fertilized and the soul is implanted by God. Do we now have an alpha and beta soul for this one original egg? Does God decide which embryo gets the original soul and which gets a new soul? This is the same dilemma you suggest will occur if science divides the brain (seat of the soul?) and creates two separate persons.
Fortunately we are discussing this today, five hundred years ago this discussion would have gotten both of us burned-at-the-stake as heretics.
Secondly, why presume the brain alone comprises the soul? After all, our thoughts, emotions, ans well as reflexes are a function of the whole body's processes/systems ... endocrine, digestive, nervous, etc. In essesnce, it's as likely to affect the soul whether we're talking a leg or arm transplant , as it is a quasi-brain transplant. Just as in the concept of us simply comprising billions of cells, et we have a sense of oneness in identity and puposeful function, the soul, if I found it a viable enough concept to entertain, I think I would consider it the same, a "spirit" permeating the whole of the body.
The rub lies in the fact that we know the brain is essential for sentience ... meaningful life, yet we know absolutely nothing of the soul - even if such a critter exists - regardless of contentions to the contrary. So, while I would prefer to protect my possibility of retaining sentient life, as I know it, I wouldn't care much about my body without my brain (unless, of course there was the possibility they could be reunited at some future point in this life.
You have to understand, someone who has no belief in the "soul" as the concept is generally perceived (as transcending the body after death, etc.) finds it fool-hearty to engage in the ethereal musings w.r.t. dissection of the soul, etc. Many who do entertain the notion of a soul somewhat equate it with the mind in a general way. However, it is my thinking that the mind (i.e., our sentience) is a factor of a gestalt effect of so many neurons firing and the massive amount of information being addressed by different parts of the brain. Much of psychoses has recently been attributed to damaged synapse functionality so that the normal filtering of sensory stimuli is impaired and there no longer a sensible interpretation by the brain when it "hears" all kinds of sound input, yet lacks the normal filtration system/ability. Imagine the confusion when some components of the brain fail and it is overwhelmed by sensory stimuli without a means of making sense of such ... nuts in a hand bag! So, to me, the mind is only extant in man (and perhaps a few other critters with highly developed brains) because of the enormous about of information able to be processed by the various components of the brain. It is debatable, to me, whether a human brain, sequestered (but "alive") from all social and sensory stimuli from birth (consider the brain does not perceive pain itself)would be a sentient enterprise. Actually, I think it would not be. However, an "experienced" brain kept "alive" but then sequestered, might very well retain sentience. Musings about splitting of a soul or what would happen to one when a brain is dissected, to me, is tantamount to the hypothetical (and to me nonsensical) musing as per whether or not God could create a stone which he was incapable of lifting... essentially, childish banter. Again, it is the only the Gestalt effect of the hyper communications system going on in the brain that affords our sentience or mind, to my thinking (and that seems to be the growing consensus of experts in the field. There seems to be a certain point where there is enough informational exchange such that there is a sense of self-recognition and purposeful thinking extant.
There is plenty of nonsensical entertainment if one has the time or desire, but with no evidence of a soul, why create straw men, I say. I seems much more productive to work at understanding the mind/psyche (how it works and can be kept healthy)than to delve into any hypothetical and very unlikely mystical components. There is too much work to be done on this planet for mankind to survive so one shouldn't get too ethereal about any possibility of life after death. No one can prove there isn't, but neither can one prove we are not a figment of another's imagination. I say, deal with what we can know and expand on it, making the best of it. Otherwise, we may, say, become lost in group insanities such as the ones now plaguing the planet, where groups kill groups with one or another's god/ideology marching beside them. I'd like to think we learn from holocausts such as the Crusades and other fanatic ideologies. There would be no point in me arguing with an Apocalyptic fundamentalist (no, I'm not implying you are one, just using it as an example). The are not respectful of my reasoning, and I am not respectful of their fanciful mysticism. However, I could abstain and let them believe what they "must," if they were not intent/insistent on converting, enslaving, or destroying non-believers. It would seem they have little choice on continuing that rampage, lest they become cheery-pickers of their creed, which some of the moderates have been able to do. Personally, I think mysticism will eventually give way rationalism ... if mankind can survive the interim.
"How did you get here?"
"Well, it was when I went for my PhD interview. The professor was looking at me all funny, and I was starting to get uneasy.
'Don't worry, Miss X.' - he said. - 'It's not your body I'm after, it's your brain.'
How was I to know he meant it as a control unit for this spaceship?"
Robert H. Olley
Physics Department
University of Reading
England











