Track your comments!
[x]


When you register, comments on your articles and replies to your comments appear here. Register Now!

Sign in to your account
[x]

Not a Scientific Blogging member yet?

Register Now for a Free Scientificblogging.com Account

  • Customize your profile with pictures, banner, a blogroll and more.
  • Leave comments on articles, add other members to your friend lists, chat with people on the site.
  • Write blog posts that can be seen by hundreds of thousands of readers.

It's free and it only takes a minute!

Already a Scientific Blogging member?

Sign In Now

Banner
By News Staff | September 22nd 2008 12:45 AM | 33 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments

Have a Facebook account? Laura Buffardi, doctoral student in psychology, and associate professor W. Keith Campbell from the University of Georgia says it may tell them you are a narcissist.


Narcissism is not just attention-seeking or wanting to be liked. Clearly everyone who signs up for a social media site wants to interact with others. It is more severe and characterized by an inability to form healthy, long-term relationships.

The tremendous growth of social networking sites (Facebook now has 100 million users, for example) has led psychologists to explore how personality traits are expressed online. Buffardi and Campbell chose Facebook because it's the most popular networking site among college students and because it has a fixed format that makes it easier for researchers to compare user pages.


Not everyone who uses Facebook is a narcissist. "We found that people who are narcissistic use Facebook in a self-promoting way that can be identified by others," said Buffardi.

They gave personality questionnaires to nearly 130 Facebook users, analyzed the content of the pages and had untrained strangers view the pages and rate their impression of the owner's narcissism.

The researchers found that the number of Facebook friends and wallposts that individuals have on their profile pages correlates with narcissism. Buffardi said this is consistent with how narcissists behave in the real-world, with numerous yet shallow relationships. Narcissists are also more likely to choose glamorous, self-promoting pictures for their main profile photos, she said, while others are more likely to use snapshots.

Untrained observers were able to detect the narcissists also. Observers used three characteristics – quantity of social interaction, attractiveness of the individual and the degree of self promotion in the main photo – to form an impression of the individual's personality. "People aren't perfect in their assessments," Buffardi said, "but our results show they're somewhat accurate in their judgments."

Some researchers in the past have found that personal Web pages are more popular among narcissists, but Campbell said there's no evidence that Facebook users are more narcissistic than others.

"Nearly all of our students use Facebook, and it seems to be a normal part of people's social interactions," Campbell said. "It just turns out that narcissists are using Facebook the same way they use their other relationships – for self promotion with an emphasis on quantity of over quality."

Still, he points out that because narcissists tend to have more contacts on Facebook, any given Facebook user is likely to have an online friend population with a higher proportion of narcissists than in the real world. Right now it's too early to predict if or how the norms of online self-promotion will change, Campbell said, since the study of social networking sites is still in its infancy.

"We've undergone a social change in the last four or five years and now almost every student manages their relationships through Facebook – something that few older people do," Campbell said. "It's a completely new social world that we're just beginning to understand."


Their work appears in the October issue of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,.

Comments

This is disturbing.

My facebook profile only has like 50 friends I think haha.

But apparently that doesn't mean much.

I think I know of some narcissists though.

How about what Lewis Black said about blogging on his show Root of All Evil?

“Blogging is like masturbating into a mirror while you videotape yourself so you can watch it later while masturbating.”

Please see the link to my blog. ;) Ha!

Hatice Cullingford's picture
Good morning. Well, I did. Understood. Now what?? Let's talk over coffee :) P.S. Thanks. You are generous.
I'm sorry to say this but I have to disagree. Facebook and other social media has turned out to be a rather popular (not self-promotion) but a promotional media. I think companies and small setups can make full use of social media to gain unlimited exposure to their own services/products or just SELF. :-) But that's hardly narcissism. To use Facebook activity to identify narcissism is too narrow...just my opinion, of coz. Not any form of self promotion here.

p.s. referring to above commenter...you can link to my website too if you want.

The social networking phenomenon is providing fertile ground for psychological enquiry and it will be interesting to see how it develops. It's becoming a form of online participant observation, as a case in point, there's a facebook group called the psychology of facebook run by academics at Stanford University. Also, I expect to see a sharp increase in the number of my psychology students conducting social networking related research for their final year dissertation/thesis.

This article is a perfect example of pop psychology abuse of the term "narcissism." This term has become a generic put-down for widespread social behaviors and in this usage has little in common with true clinical usage of the term.

In real, instead of Dr. Phil, psychology, it is understood that every healthy, functional person has some degree of "healthy narcissism," which is a positive feeling about oneself and a desire to be positively evaluated by others. That's simply the human condition.

In pathological narcissism of a degree warranting a psychiatric diagnosis, there is generally extreme disturbance in interpersonal relationships, and often a lack of reality testing that leads a person to have a completely inaccurate perception of his or her behavior and life.

Having a Facebook account with a lot of friends does not make a person a "narcissist." It makes a person a social person with access to a computer.

Hank's picture
Narcissism is not just attention-seeking or wanting to be liked. Clearly everyone who signs up for a social media site wants to interact with others. It is more severe and characterized by an inability to form healthy, long-term relationships.

They researchers didn't say a lot of friends on facebook means you are a narcissist, it said narcissists have accounts on facebook and enough commonality they can be identified.

Ok. I have a Facebook account and a My Space account. I am also on Better Networker, Bizlink and Linked In. I am a socialpreneur and I have made some pretty good friends through these social networks. When we move off to Skype, we can talk on the phone and strengthen those friendships. I've seen these internet people use tools to hunt down folks who have gone off line unexpectedly or to garner support for people in bereavement. Those are the sorts of people whom I am proud to call friends.

Most of the people who go to facebook, these days, are there to conduct business. An internet narcissist might use a comment to promote their business opportunity. As a savvy social networker, I do not approve these sorts of comments. The pages that I have are for me and my business. I also select my social networking friends carefully to preserve my business image. If their profile picture is a logo, their request for friendship is denied.

I have met people whom I have begun to refer to as internet narcissists. They've recognized my technical skills and seduced me into helping them with something, only to renege on the billing or make a decision to take a joint venture sole after consuming hours of my time setting things up. Contracts are a necessity for me now.

In my personal life, I had an up-close and personal encounter with a real live Narcissist. We dated for three years. He pouted like a child when I succeeded at anything (because he had no successes) and severely criticized me when I needed emotional support. Our ending came when he chose the day of my mother's funeral to dump on me for needing emotional support and described my reaction to that as if I was a child who had to leave the theme park early. Friends had advised me that he was narcissistic but, until that day, it wasn't obvious. After the fact, as I sunk into deep depression, I realized that interacting with him had diminished me tremendously because years of involvement (in the name of love) with him had eroded my self-confidence. His game was to keep me off balance and uncertain and he was a master at it.

I met him on match.com.

I would invite this study to turn their sights to internet dating venues in your quest to evaluate narcissists. People there lie about their ages and marital status. They claim to be millionaires who have lost their wallets. With an endless smorgasboard of choices, they become serial daters (like my former lover), with no regard for human feelings. The data isn't as easy to see but the predators do exist.

Here is a link to a site that outs dating predators: http://www.dontdatehimgirl.com

No. I did not post a warning about my former friend there.

One method that I have used, with good success, to suss out a narcissist is this: Do they straight-forwardly answer simple and direct questions or accuse you of being a detective for persisting in wanting answers? Here is the best one: Are the topics always about them?

In this age of internet anonymity, it is easy to be seduced into superficial relationships. On the other hand, the internet can be a great resource that cannot be overlooked for any business, online or offline. Social networking and Web 2.0 techniques are a tremendous way to build your business leads. It is not just for young adults anymore.

Andrea Kuszewski's picture
Marj, you are 100% correct. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a bona fide psychological condition, not a flippant way to describe, as Hank put it so eloquently, an attention whore.

I was married to a Narcissist for 10 years and trust me, the "Facebook Diagnosis" is pure crap. Correlation, coincidence, similarity, these terms all apply.... but it is not a diagnostic tool. I hate it when people miss-use actual psychology as a "pop-trendy-pseudo-diagnostic tool".

With that said, anything published in "Psychology Today" is suspect in my opinion as well. You will never catch me reading that garbage. It is NOT true psychology in the scientific sense. This is representative of the kind of alarmist-false-causation mumbo-jumbo they like to print.

i completely agree--this is complete garbage. Exactly how many friends makes you a narcissist? I have about 100...I better be careful and not accept anymore friend requests or else.. I know people who seem narcissistic that don't even have a facebook account. I know many individuals who I consider compassionate people who genuinely care about others and they have hundreds of friends on facebook. Some people are just more sociable than others. Sure, I can see how someone who is full of themselves would use facebook in the way you described, but that's just common sense to come to that conclusion. Its just not scientific..

Hank's picture
Because narcissists can be identified by commonalities in their Facebook accounts does not mean you are a narcissist if you have Facebook or a lot of friends.  Narcissism is a clinical term - if you had it, you would not post under 'anonymous', for example.

I think Mr Campbell's profile is glamorous, so is he narcissistic?
without narcissism, I think Olympus and Canon will disappear in this planet!

I recently went out with a guy. I Work with him and I've known him for 2 years that's how I
developed a crush on him after getting to know him through joking with him and working with him for 2 years. And I Finally got the courage and told him I liked him one day when we were talking on facebook. He told me he liked me and we started going out. Right when we started going out he would send me messages on facebook and when we would talk on the phone he would tell me he wanted to make sweet love to me. I knew this was wrong. He ended up taking advantage of me 2 days. The second day more SERIOUSLY, then the next day he BROKE UP WITH ME!! I THINK AFTER I READ YOUR ARTICLE ABOUT THE FACEBOOK NARCISSIST TEST I THINK HE COULD BE A NARCISSIST.???? HOW DO I FIND OUT? I DON'T WANT HIM DOING THIS TO ANYONE ELSE? PLEASE KEEP MY NAME ANONYMOUS!!

Good day!
It is very informative and has a very good quality in it.
I like it...

Thank you very much for your time.

For a science blog I'd hardly call this "scientific"... More like poorly thought out and biased social research.

Jen Palmares Meadows's picture
I posted a link of this article on my facebook wall, and definitely think that I can identify some narcissists--I think really it just confirmed my suspicions though.

Aleida's picture
I suppose it would be easy to tell a narcissist from a non-narcissist: Someone with 547 pictures on his or her profile, all of him or herself, is clearly in love with thyself. (My horse happens to have a facebook account, he has a few friends, mostly lonely fillies). Anyway, I always wondered why one would need to keep in touch with aquaintences, coworkers,ex-lovers, your mechanic, or people you saw at a parade. Who cares? Nobody. Go home and get a life.

Hank's picture
Well, attention whore is not the same thing as clinical narcissism.  Clearly people are in social media because they want to interact and be involved with people - some moreso than others.    Facebook users aren't all narcissists, it's rather that narcissists all behave in an identifiable way on Facebook.

I think your horse is more on the attention-whore part of the spectrum than the narcissism one.   Fillies need dates too.

Stellare's picture
Facebook is very much a social arena for kids/youth. This young generation is simply using the technical tools provided to them developing it according to their needs and interests. Calling all that narcissism is wrong, I'm sure.

Making a living using social media and any kind of media is another angle to this question. Being famous is actually a profession in itself these days. Then it is not necessary narcissism, but a business idea! :-)

I agree with Stephanie who says:
Having a Facebook account with a lot of friends does not make a person
a "narcissist." It makes a person a social person with access to a
computer.

This is an interesting article, my husband and I recently joined facebook. We then found all the teens in our family, some in college, some out of college and in differenct states, we found our in-laws and out-laws and now are trying to get more family in on this wonderful new way to stay in touch with each other and the kids, and what a great way to share family photos and have some fun with each other. We love it. There are a couple of narcissists in therewith tons of pics one of which is my Daughter, but hey I love to see her face. It' a great new way to communicate, but now with all the old folks on it, maybe the fun will go out of it and they'll all go over to that space thingy. I would like to see an article about Second Life, now there's an interesting personality assessment I'd like to learn more about.

I'm sorry to say, but I think these studies are a little off kilter. I don't think they go about it the right way.

When they go into this they're saying either you ARE or AREN'T a narcissist. There are many other reasons out there to use facebook rather than to get or to not get people. For example myself. I have upward of 200 "friends" on facebook and I interact with between 20-30 of them every week. Its not because I'm looking for fame or fortune but because I have a large base of friends I have made from the extensive traveling I have done within my XX years of life. Facebook is just another media app like mail or aim that allows one person to interact with multiple people (at one time) without having to talk to them face to face. Doesn't mean that everyone with large friend bases who keeps in good contact with them are narcissists.

I guess to put it simple I don't think these "tests" take in enough data and have enough outcomes to really be reliable. These people set out to prove one of two outcomes and limiting these outcomes limits your data. Either the writer left out details, spun the story, or the people conducting these tests are limiting their data. Your choice.

-Should be "who doesn't keep in good contact with them are narcissists."
- Also I realized they haven't mentioned anything about personal messages, just wall posts.

aaanouel's picture
Well, every quality of us is revealed in what we publish and the way we do it. Its obvious, you only have to have some smell sense to discover what people are and what they want to project from themselves. We all do.


That's is absolute bullshit.

I'm psychology student myself and I know how 'stuck up' and 'snobbish' some people working in this field can be, trying to 'prove' their own prejudices are right...

I've got 7 Facebook friends, I'm related to 5 of them. I don't have any pictures at all on my page but i'm thinking about putting some wildlife pics on it.

Hank's picture
There seems to be confusion among the commenters about what clinical narcissism means - no one says all 150 million Facebook subscribers are narcissists, they are saying that actual clinical narcissists can be identified.    That is not the usual attention whoring or wanting to be popular or having a place to put pics for family and friends.

As far as I am concern anyone who thinks highly of themselves are narcissists and anyone whose ever had social networking sites open to public view are one too. And anyone in denial about these traits are tell tale signs of someone suffering from such mental illness.

Larry Arnold's picture
Of course it depends upon the definition of narcissist, and not having read the full paper, I cannot say whether this is a particular cultural /colloquial definition or an accepted medical/scientific one.

The nature of personality in itself being somewhat of a set of constructs of dubious ecological validity.

You can suppose what you like from my usual internet Moniker, but being as I come from a background of media studies (the one that all "respectable" academics love to hate) and am an artist and a photographer who has worked in advertising you can suppose I know a thing or two about what information I want to get out and what semiotics I want to employ in that.

That sounds to my folk psychological thinking as more indicative of a scheming rationalist machiavellian devoid of conscience than a narcissist to me, unless the two are synonymous nowadays.

Well the problem is that the outer image does not always betray the inner mechanism, as indeed is the fault line of all behaviourist science.

If I am famous for anything it is having a clinically diagnosed condition or two which includes an Autistic Spectrum "disorder" and an Anankastic personality (put that in your search engine and find it).  The Greeks have a lot to answer for, including Anarchism and Arthritis :)

Given that as an academic (or indeed in almost any field of endeavour) one is prevailed upon to promote oneself, it being a strong societal prerogative to do so, else be seen as the perpetual victim and recipient of state intervention, it comes as very rich from these researchers to harvest the easy pickings of Facebook, and dress it up as scientific research.

I am careful who I allow as my "friends" on Facebook, I have a criterion that I must at least know them and have had real exchanges (whether by correspondence or in person) before I admit them. At the inner core are the people who know me everyday and see the face beneath the clowns makeup. I am bang to rights dead common so who would not swap his one horse town for an internet kingdom eh?

Hi, I'm Visa. I'm a narcissist, and I'm damn proud of it.

The article claims that narcissism is "more severe (than attention-seeking) and characterized by an inability to form healthy, long-term relationships"? Doesn't that come across as a rather myopic perspective?

1) Narcissism and an inability to form long-term relationships may seem co-related, but I don't believe that we can conclude that one causes the other. We are more aware of narcissistic people's failures because they lead such public lives. There are people who live with low self-worth who are equally terrible if not worse at committing to a relationship, but we don't see or hear about it as much. You can imagine how misconceptions can arise from this.

2) Just because a person excercises "self-promotion" or likes to meet lots of people doesn't mean that their relationships must be shallow. There isn't a direct inverse relationship between quality and quantity. It is possible for one person to have 5 very close friends and 20 acquaintances, and be labeled a narcissist, and for another person to have only two friends who don't really care much about him at all.

Relationships take time and effort to sustain, and what you get out of it depends on what you put into it. It is childish to try and quantify the quality and quantity of your relationships on a linear scale, and to imply that you can only have one or the other. Because it is possible to have both as well, or neither.

3) Narcissism itself is not inherently a positive or negative trait. Some of the most successful leaders in the modern world are narcissists. Barack Obama is obviously a narcissist! We should cherish our productive narcissists because it takes a narcissist to challenge status quo and change the world.

Since I have close relatives and friends in several countries worldwide, Facebook is a great way to stay in touch with them, to share pictures, to share whereabouts, news, daily life, etc. without always having to email to each person in particular. In my opinion Facebook is just like television or anything else: its value depends on how you use it.

So, uh...you were able to show that narcissists' Facebook accounts "somewhat" reflect their real personalities? And you were actually able to do this by monitoring ONLY 130 Facebook accounts out of 100 million +?? Wow!! And narcissists are more likely to have "glamorous" pictures? Stunning!!
This research bothers me. On one hand, the results seem obvious - an individual's personality is going to be reflected on his or her Facebook page...duh. But you are lumping in all sorts of other individuals into your narcissist theory and it is wrong to do so without much much MUCH more research. Also, where is your data research on the 130 individuals?
Was there ever any question that a person's real life personality is going to be reflected on their Facebook account? You could have saved yourself a lot of time and just asked me.

with so many people owning a facebook account, who in the world in their right mind would publicly admit that they are Narcissistic sickos? if you read into narcissistic personality disorder, they believe that they are always good and right. they can do no wrong. this article is going to get a lot of heat

facebook is good to find lost friends and relatives but being on facebook every time and every day clearly gives an indication that the user is need of affection.

letting people make conclusions based on evidence they dont understand is always dangerous.
the author is most likely over 45 and may never have used facebook himself. If he were someone of my college age and understood facebook better and how people my age use it, he would never have written this.

Many people my age have well over 400 friends. Why? because every single person you meet these days adds you. And only douchebags dont accept friend requests. So if youve had a facebook for 5 years, and everyone in your high school, college and everyone from all activites has added you, are you more likely to be a narcisist for accepting them all? no.

Add a comment

The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.
  • Allowed HTML tags: <sup> <sub> <a> <em> <strong> <center> <cite> <code> <TH><ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> <img> <br> <p> <blockquote> <strike> <object> <param> <embed> <del> <pre> <b> <i> <table> <tbody> <div> <tr> <td> <h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> <hr> <iframe>
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
CAPTCHA
If you register, you will never be bothered to prove you are human again. And you get a real editor toolbar to use instead of this HTML thing that wards off spam bots.