On Sunday 28 September 2008, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope automatically entered safe mode when errors were detected in the Control Unit/Science Data Formatter-Side A. This component is essential for the storage and transmission of data from the telescope's science instruments back to Earth. The component was reactivated on Thursday 23 October, and the Wide Field Planetary Camera-2 science observations resumed on Saturday 25 October.
Just a couple of days after the orbiting observatory was brought back online, Hubble aimed its prime working camera, the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), at a particularly intriguing target, a pair of gravitationally interacting galaxies called Arp 147.
This image, obtained by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope on 27-28 October 2008, shows a pair of gravitationally interacting galaxies called Arp 147. This is the first image obtained by Hubble after science operations were resumed on 25 October 2008, four weeks after a problem with the science data formatter took the spacecraft into safe mode. The image was taken by Hubble’s prime working camera, the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), which aimed at a particularly intriguing target. The two galaxies happen to be oriented so that they appear to mark the number 10. The left-most galaxy, or the ‘1’ in this image, is relatively undisturbed, apart from a smooth ring of starlight. It appears nearly edge-on to our line of sight. The right-most galaxy, the ‘0’ of the pair, exhibits a clumpy, blue ring of intense star formation. Credits: NASA, ESA and M. Livio (STScI)
The image demonstrated that the camera is working exactly as it was before going offline, thereby scoring a ‘perfect 10’ both for performance and beauty.
And literally ‘10’ for appearance too, due to the chance alignment of the two galaxies. The left-most galaxy, or the ‘1’ in this image, is relatively undisturbed, apart from a smooth ring of starlight. It appears nearly edge-on to our line of sight. The right-most galaxy, the ‘0’ of the pair, exhibits a clumpy, blue ring of intense star formation.
The blue ring was formed after the galaxy on the left passed through the galaxy on the right. Just as a pebble thrown into a pond creates an outwardly moving circular wave, or ripples, an outwardly propagating ring of higher density was generated at the point of impact of the two galaxies. As this excess density collided with outer material that was moving inwards due to the gravitational pull of the two galaxies, shocks and dense gas were produced, stimulating star formation.
The dusty reddish knot at the lower left of the blue ring probably marks the location of the original nucleus of the galaxy that was hit.
Arp 147 appears in the Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, compiled by Halton Arp in the 1960s and published in 1966. This picture was assembled from WFPC2 images taken with three separate filters. The colours blue, green, and red represent the blue, visible-light, and infrared filters respectively.
The galaxy pair was photographed on 27-28 October 2008. Arp 147 lies in the constellation of Cetus, more than 400 million light-years away from Earth.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA.
