Today, people from all over the world are insufficiently aware about their daily food consumption. Most like to eat organic food and reduce GM (Genetically Modified) crops. So farmers of both modern and developing countries are trying to produce organic crops. But at this time there are lots of pests and insects which decrease the yield of crops and losses total yields.

For this reason farmers are interested in cultivating their crops under Integrated Pest Management and other control management systems. If they want to produce crops without the help of synthetic insecticides, they can use organic pesticides such as neem (Azadirachta indica) plant extract.

Pest control using extracts from the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) currently occurs in more than 55 countries throughout the world and neem products have been in use in parts of Asia, such as Myanmar and India for over 2,500 years.

This is one of my undergraduate assignment under department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract


Wheat is the most important cereal crop of the world. Wheat grows well in different region in Bangladesh. Wheat cultivation is greatly affected by sowing depth. Sowing depth significantly influenced the seedling emergence and vigor index. Sowing seed deeper than 4 cm delayed & reduced seedling emergence & seed production. Seed placed at 8 cm depth resulted a greater degree (82%) of failure in emergence. Sowing at variable depths causes appreciable differences in grain yield. Sowing deeper than 4 cm greatly reduced grain yield. Plant emerged from 4 cm depth had produced the highest grain yield which was attributed to greater number of spikes per unit area and seeds per spikes. Deeper sowing caused in the number of seminal root but the total root length was significantly reduced. Deep sowing causes unnecessary elongation of stem between the seed and secondary roots. As a result the food reserves of the grain are taxed severely and seedling may even fail to emerge. When sowing at 4 inches reduced emergences by almost 40%.


Key Word: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yield, root, water, seedling growth.

Introduction

At present, biodiesel can play vital role in the transport sector all over the world. Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent processed fuel derived from biological sources; especially plant species such as oil seed rape, jatropha, sunflower, soybean etc. I will discuss some prospective uses of biodiesel use in different vehicles.


History of Biodiesel

The concept of biofuels is surprisingly old. Rudolf Diesel, whose invention now bears his name, had envisioned vegetable oil as a fuel source for his engine. In fact, much of his early work revolved around the use of biofuel. In 1900, for example, at the World Exhibition in Paris, France, Diesel demonstrated his engine by running it on peanut oil. Similarly, Henry Ford expected his Model T to run on ethanol, a corn product. Eventually, in both Diesel's and Ford's cases, petroleum entered the picture and proved to be the most logical fuel source. This was based on supply, price and efficiency, among other things. Though it wasn't common practice, vegetable oils were also used for diesel fuel during the 1930s and 1940s.

Types of Biodiesel


Biodiesel are mainly two kinds. Pure biodiesel (B100) continues to be used, particularly by fleets. However, blending of up to 5% biodiesel into mineral fuel is now wide spread, with Germany being the leading consumer. As long as the biodiesel component complies with the EN 14214 standard, the resulting blend is permitted.

Why we use biodiesel?