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By Michael White | September 16th 2009 09:43 AM | 10 comments | Print | E-mail | Track Comments
About Michael

Welcome to Adaptive Complexity, where I write about genomics, systems biology, evolution, and the connection between science and literature,

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The idea that if you're rich then you're smarter/more hard working/more righteous than everyone else has a long history in America that begins well before Horatio Alger. From Cotton Mather, to Ben Franklin, to Joseph Smith (who wrote a book about two ancient American civilizations which were rewarded with wealth for righteousness, although wealth proves to be their undoing as well), all the way to Ayn Rand and beyond, wealth has been taken as an indicator of virtue.

The funny thing is that, in Ayn Rand (who has nearly an entire shelf devoted to her at my local Borders), this idea has been taken so far as to become essentially an inversion of communism. While Lenin thought that the bourgoisie were parasites taking wealth from the workers who really produced it, Rand and her philosophical descendants take the opposite view, dissected by Jonathan Chait in The New Republic:

The idea is that the United States is divided into two classes--the hard-working productive elite, and the indolent masses leeching off their labor by means of confiscatory taxes and transfer programs.

You can find iterations of this worldview and this moral judgment everywhere on the right. Consider a few samples of the rhetoric. In an op-ed piece last spring, Arthur Brooks, the president of the American Enterprise Institute, called for conservatives to wage a "culture war" over capitalism. "Social Democrats are working to create a society where the majority are net recipients of the ‘sharing economy,' " he wrote. "Advocates of free enterprise . . . have to declare that it is a moral issue to confiscate more income from the minority simply because the government can." Brooks identified the constituency for his beliefs as "the people who were doing the important things right--and who are now watching elected politicians reward those who did the important things wrong." Senator Jim DeMint echoed this analysis when he lamented that "there are two Americas but not the kind John Edwards was talking about. It's not so much the haves and the have-nots. It's those who are paying for government and those who are getting government."

I guess I'm one of those who decided to do important things wrong - I chose a career based on my interests instead of how much money I can make. I'm clearly not as smart or productive as our eminent Congressmen from South Carolina or those AIG employees getting 6-figure bonuses. Neither is my mother, for that matter, who, with a degree in microbiology, chose to go on to become a nurse. She's lived frugally her entire life and is doing ok in her retirement, but without Social Security and Medicare (or some equivalent program) to help her out, she'd be completely screwed.

Most of us are fine with some form of capitalism, and we recognize that some careers are going to pay off more than others - a teacher is never going to make as much as a hedge fund manager. Fine. I'm not trying to stoke class war. But let's drop this delusional belief that, as Chait puts it, "Donald Trump contributes more to society than a thousand teachers, nurses, or police officers."


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Comments

antunes
I agree, though my friend (who inherited wealth) probably would disagree.  There is a measure of self-serving bias here on both sides, I think.

That said, there's something to be said for differentiating 'intelligence' and 'success', much as one can differentiate 'talent' and 'success'.  To get from one to the other, you need both craft (being able to harness the ability effectively and consistently), and also opportunity.

On opportunity-- a good experiment in capitalism was a university experiment (sorry, no citation handy) where you start a game of Monopoly[tm] but with uneven money distribution.  Instead of everyone starting with $1500, you start most people at $1500, a few at $500, and a few at $5000.  Lo and behold, it turns out the people with more starting money win, nearly every time.

I'll close with PJ O'Rourke's  quote. "I found out that all the important lessons of life are contained in
the three rules for achieving a perfect golf swing.  1. Keep your head down, 2. Follow through, 3. Be born with money."

Alex, just next door at the Daytime Astronomer


adaptivecomplexity
There is a measure of self-serving bias here on both sides, I think.

That's really what I'm getting at - most well-off people didn't get that way because they ruthlessly exploited the work of others without contributing anything themselves, but it should also be obvious that, among many other things, smart, hard-working people can choose different careers that lead to very different financial outcomes.

In the New Republic piece, some Wall Street guy was complaining that people just don't understand - he gets emails at 2 AM and his job isn't 9-5. Well, neither is mine. I've been in the lab at 2 AM plenty of times in my career. And grant writing is as intense as anything that guy does. Can't he just accept the fact that he chose a career that has bigger financial rewards than other equally demanding careers? It doesn't all come down to intelligence, productivity, or virtue.

Gerhard Adam
The point you're making is nothing short of Social Darwinism.  The notion that things are the way they are because of "evolution" and therefore those at the top deserve to be there because they are intrinsically better.

It's all nonsense, of course, but this is the basis for much of this rhetoric.  Lenin was wrong, and so is Ayn Rand.  The truth is that no successful individual got there on their own.  Even the most profitable companies can't operate without the "parasites" that do the day to day work.

However, at a more fundamental level, it is this infatuation with wealth that is probably the biggest underlying reason why science isn't actively pursued by most students.  In many cases, it's viewed as a long protracted process with few rewards at the end.  So, when your culture teaches only that your valuable based on your assets, it's little wonder that many resort to crime to achieve their status.

antunes
I like your categorization of science as being "viewed as a long protracted process with few rewards at the end."  And I think that's an accurate picture of science.  If you don't enjoy the process (or journey), it's likely not a career to choose.

My friends in finance, some of them love the work, others just do it for the payoff at the end.  Since science doesn't typically have that payoff, that means few would do science.  It's basic: fun and lucrative is best, past that you have to choose between difficult but lucrative or difficult and meager.

Fortunately, there are people like us who like difficult things for their own sake.

Alex, just next door at the Daytime Astronomer

p.s. I tend to use the term 'Calvinism' rather than 'social Darwinism' to describe that particular social argument, because it usually invokes predestination more than equal-footing Darwinism.  Plus why heap more trouble on poor misattributed Darwin?

Gerhard Adam
You're right.  Darwin is abused too much already ... :)

rholley
In this respect, Herbert Spencer has a lot to answer for.  He seems to have been a very muddled (albeit very popular) thinker, and it was he who coined the term "survival of the fittest", which Alfred Russel Wallace urged on a reluctant Darwin.

jrvanmeter
I attempted to address this very issue from an admittedly simplistic econophysics perspective, which seems to support your view.

antunes
Hi J.R.
Yes, I read and liked your article when it came out last month.  In retrospect, I think combining the ideal gas laws you used with Michael's social comments is worth doing.

Add to your model that particles have a stickiness or gravity proportional to their existing mass of money might work better.  That represents the 'you need to have money to make money' philosophy, best phrased as 'the first million is the hardest.'

It's then an accretion particle rather than a gas one, the same sort that is used to model planetary accretion. Hmm... if you include velocities of some form and add in breakup events for high speed impacts, you'd get wealth breakup as well as accumulation.  Maybe planet-forming and wealth-accreting match.

Anyone want to fund me to do this? :)

Fun stuff!
Alex, just next door at the Daytime Astronomer

LauraHult
It's then an accretion particle rather than a gas one, the same sort that is used to model planetary accretion. Hmm... if you include velocities of some form and add in breakup events for high speed impacts, you'd get wealth breakup as well as accumulation.  Maybe planet-forming and wealth-accreting match.

So then if I drill a hole to the center of the Earth and live there, all money will eventually accrete around me?  Where's my shovel! 

Steve Davis
There's a positive side to it Mike. At least you're in good company with the rest of us here.

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